This page is designed to accompany this post. Click images to enlarge.

Lavallée and Weir: O Canada
Includes a pivot modulation by common chord

 

Lennon and McCartney: Lady Madonna
Includes a direct modulation to the B section, then a modulation by chromatic pivot chord to the next verse.

Lennon and McCartney: Penny Lane
Includes pivot modulations by common chord and by common tone

 

Rodgers and Hart: Have You Met Miss Jones
Includes a series of tonicizations and turnaround chords

 

Schubert: Sonata for Arpeggione
Includes a direct modulation, a pivot modulation by common chord, and a pivot modulation by chord-quality change.

 

Beethoven: Sonata Op. 53 “Waldstein,” mov. 2
Includes a modulation by enharmonic common chord and two direct modulations between successive phrases.

 

Vivaldi: Spring from The Four Seasons, mov. 3
Includes a modulation by sequence

 

Beethoven: Symphony No. 5, mov. 2
Includes a pivot modulation by chord-quality shift, from major (A-flat) to augmented sixth (Ger+6). This may also be considered an enharmonic modulation from dom7 (A-flat7) to augmented sixth.

 

 

Robert Schumann: The Happy Farmer from Album for the Young

There is no modulation here; this example shows how a dominant chord may be tonicized just before a half cadence without forming a modulation.

 

 

Schubert: Der Wegweiser from Winterreise
Includes a pivot modulation by chord-quality shift, from major to minor.